The Stanhopea Pages

Literature sources:

___ (2002?) "Dept. of Stanhopeinae: Stanhopea embreii & Stanhopea maculosa," in: Oasis-- The Journal 2(2): pp. __.

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___ (2003?) "4 New Gongora for South America," in: Oasis-- The Journal 2(3): pp. __.

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_____ "Aciopea, la flor de Guillermo Gaviria" in Medellín's El Mundo.com [Acineta erythroxantha x Stanhopea wardii intergeneric hybrid, with photo]

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_____ (date?) "Especies de El Salvador," published by La Asociación Salvadoreña de Orquideología. http://www.orquideasdeelsalvador.com/anexos/876172306-ESPECIES%20DE%20EL%20SALVADOR.doc
8 page list of all the species, followed by 11 pages on certain individual species, including Stanhopea saccata. List contains: Acineta chrysantha, Gongora cassidea, Lacaena bicolor, Laecana spectabilis, Stanhopea costaricensis, Stan. graveolens, Stan. oculata, Stan. saccata.

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_____ Orquideas Colombianas y sus Polinizadores (Colombian orchids and their polinators) [Elleanthus aurantiacus, aureus, capitatus; Stanhopea candida, connata, jenishiana, wardii] see also: Dodson (Marzo 1972)

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Paul H. Allen (1949) in: in: Woodson and Schery, Flora of Panama, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 36. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. [Kegeliella]

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Paul H. Allen (1953/54) "Pollination in Gongora maculata," in: Ceiba 4(2): 121-125. The late Dr. Allen, a banana expert, spent much time in the tropics collecting and observing orchids. This is an excellent account of a first hand observation by a gifted naturalist. Drawings by Mrs. Dorothy O. Allen, the author's wife. [annotation by Dr. Josephy Arditti]

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Allgemeine Gartenzeitung: 22:226 (1854)[S. connata] - Klotzsch

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Alfonso Alonso, Francisco Dallmeier, Patrick Campbell (eds.) (2001) Urubamba: The Biodiversity of a Peruvian Rainforest. Smithsonian Institution, SI/MAB Biodiversity Program, 218 pp., nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MAB/documents/SIMAB7.pdf [Stanhopea candida, p. 48]

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American Orchid Society Bulletin: 19:77(1948)[S. ___]; 22:888-889(1953)[S. ___]; 23:182-183(1954)[S. ___]; 26:265-266(1957)[S. ___]; 29:592(1960)[S. ___]; 30:719-721(1961)[S. ___]; 32:115-129(1963)[S. ___]; 34:522-524(1965)[S. ___]; 34:702-705(1965)[S. ___]; 42:510-515(1973)[S. ___]; 42:790-793(1973)[S. ___]; 42:896-899(1973)[S. ___]; 46:252-253(1977)[S. ___]; 47:784-794(1978)[S. ___]; 53:358-366(1984)[S. ___]; 58:885-886 (1989)[S. avicula]; 62:4 (1993)[S. ___]; 62:12 (1993)[many species]

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Oakes Ames and Donovan Stewart Correll (1942) "Stanhopea lewisae," in: Botanical Museum Leaflets Harvard University 10: 86-87.

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Oakes Ames and Donovan Stewart Correll (September 25, 1953). Orchids of Guatemala, in: Fieldiana, Botany 26(2): 399-727. Chicago Natural History Museum. = Part II of the 1985 Dover Edition [pp. 528-538: Stanhopea devoniensis, compared with the Mexican Stanhopea hernandezii, ecornuta, Lewisae, oculata (a.k.a. S. cymbiformis), compared with S. wardii, quadricornis, saccata (a.k.a. S. Marshii; S. radiosa); graveolens]

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Oakes Ames and Donovan S. Correll (March 1985) Orchids of Guatemala and Belize. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 779 (800)pp.
"Detailed botanical classic, originally published by Chicago Natural History Museum, presents all known orchids of Guatemala and Belize-a total of 527 species and 25 varieties in 89 genera. All genera illustrated, as well as more than 100 additional species in 204 detailed black-and-white illustrations."

[pp. 522-524: Lacaena bicolor; pp. 524-526: Houlletia Landsbergi; pp. 526-528: Paphinia cristata; pp. 528-536, 755: Stanhopea devoniensis, S. Hernandezii, S. tigrina, S. ecornuta, S. Lewisae, S. oculata, S. quadricornis, S. saccata, S. radiosa, S. Marshii; pp. 536-540: Gongora; Kegeliella].

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Frank J. Anderson (1979) An Illustrated Treasury of Orchids. [S. wardii, 112-113; S. tigrina 118-199]

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Miguel Angel Soto Arenas (Dec. 1988) 'Updated List of the Orchids of Mexico,' in: Orquidea (Mex) 11: 273. [Sob. intermedia et al.]

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Arcadio Arosema G., Roberto Estrada G., Cecilia De Jurado, Max Konanz M. (1988) Orchids From the Coast of Ecuador. Guayaquil: Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Orquideologia, 129p., 171 color photos. [077. Gongora aceras; 078. Gongora grossa; 091. Macradenia brassavolae; 131. Polycycnis morganii; 146. Sievekingia reichenbachiana; 147. Sievekingia rhonhofae; 154-155 Stan. florida; 156. Stan annulata; 157. Stan embreei; 158. Stan. frymirei; 159. Stan. jenishiana [ibid.]; 160. Stan. tricornis]
"Bilingual (Spanish-English). Presenting 171 West Ecuador native orchid species : name origin, description, distribution, and habitat. Low quality photography."

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John Atwood (1989) Orchids of Costa Rica: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicle 14 (plates 1301-1400). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota. [see D. E. Mora & J. Atwood for parts 2 & 3]

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Australian Orchid Review, www.australianorchidreview.com

Bernard Greer (Jan-Feb 1987) "Those incredible Stanhopeas - Notes from a love affair with an extraordinary orchid," Vol. 52, No.1, pp. 26-33.

Bernard Greer (1998) "Imposter from Peru? No, the real, Stanhopea peruviana!," Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 4-5.

Rudolf Jenny (July-Aug 1999) "Lueckelia, a new genus in the Stanhopeinae," Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 14-16.

Rudolf Jenny (Sept-Oct 1999) "Notes on the publication of the new genus, Lueckelia," Vol. 64, No. 5, p. 19.

Rudolf Jenny (March-Apr 2000) "A review of the genus Paphinia," Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 4-14.

Rudolf Jenny (Jan-Feb 2002) "A new species of Embreea from Colombia," Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 13-14.

Rudolf Jenny (Jan-Feb 2004) "The genus Soterosanthus F.C. Lehmann ex Jenny," Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 13-15.

Rudolf Jenny (May-June 2004) "The genus Lacaena Lindley," Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 14-21, 23.

Rudolf Jenny (month? 2005) "The Genus Lueddemannia"

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David P. Banks (April 1995) "Do Stanhopea Buds Really "Pop" Open?," in: Orchids Australia 7(2): 41.

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J. Barbosa Rodrigues (1996) Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil. Reinhart Verlag, Basel. [Edited by S. Sprunger, Phil Cribb, & A. Toscano de Brito].

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Fábio de Barros & Gilberto B. Kerbauy (eds.) (2004) Orquideologia Sul-Americana: uma complição cientifica. Instituto de Botânico, São Paulo, Brazil. 15 articles by 21 authors; in Portuguese with English abstracts. Features botanical illustrations by Joaquim Franco de Toledo (1905-52).[Stanhopea on cover; article on Euglossine bees]

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James Bateman (1837-1841) The Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala. [Stan tigrina; pl. 15: Stan. saccata]

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James Bateman (1974 reprint) The Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.; Amsterdam: Theatrvm Orbis Terrarvm Ltd. [Stanhopea oculata, tigrina, wardii]
[Jas. (James) Bateman, 1811-1897. The Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala, originally published from 1837-1841, was one of the most elaborate productions depicting exotic flora. Only a hundred and twenty-five copies were printed. According to the art critic Wilford Blunt, the book is "probably the finest and certainly the largest botanical book ever produced with lithographic plates." The illustrations were taken from watercolor paintings done by Miss Drake and Mrs. Withers. The contributions by these two talented women went virtually unnoticed. Almost nothing was written about their contribution to the book.]

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Paul G. Bechtel (Sept. 1997) 'The FCCs of 1996,' in: Orchids, p.904-909. [S. tigrina var. nigroviolacea]

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Helmut Bechtel, Phillip Cribb, Edmund Launert (Jan 1992) The Manual of Cultivated Orchid Species (Third Edition). The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 585p. [Text & photos: Acineta chrysantha, A. superba; Gongora galeata, G. quinquenervis; Stanhopea ecornuta, S. graveolens, S. hernandezii, S. oculata, S. platyceras, S. tigrina. Text only: Acineta gymnostele; Stanhopea wardii]

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Johann Georg Beer (18__) "Stanhopea aurata Beer," in: Pract. Stud. Orch. 310. [now considered to be Stanhopea graveolens]

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Johann Georg Beer (1854) species elevated to specific rank, as Stanhopea nigroviolacea (Morr.) Beer, in: Pract. Stud. Orch. 313. [now considered to be Stanhopea tigrina]

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Roger Bellone (1998). 'Les Stanhopea du Mexique,' in: Orchidees Cult. Protect. no.34: 14-18. [Sob. intermedia et al.]

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David E. Bennett and Eric A. Christenson (1993?) Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum. 600 species illustrated in 604 pages, including 5 stanhopeas: Stan. anfracta (Pl. 574); Stan. candida )Pl. 385); Stan. deltoidea (Pl. 575); Stan. florida (Pl. 576); Stan. nigripes (Pl.577).

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Gernot Bergold (1999) "Sievekingia jenmanii Rchb.f.,' in: Orchidee 50(5): 61-62.

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Gernot Bergold (Marzo 1999) "Sievekingia jenmanii Rchb.f.,' in: Orquideophilo 7(1): 6-7 [with color photos; Venezuela].

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Gernot Bergold (2000) 'Polycycnis surinamensis C. Schweinf.,' in: Orchidee 51(1): 80-81.

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Brasil Orquídeas - Brazilian periodical, in Portuguese.

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D.E. Breedlove (1981) "Introduction to the Flora of Chiapas," in: Breedlove, D.E. (ed.), Flora of Chiapas. Part 1. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 35 pp. [Stanhopea whittenii, et al.]

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Broadway (1918) _____, in: Bulletin Dept. Agric. Trinidad Tobago 17, pt. 2: 97. [Gongora]

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Broadway (1926) [Stanhopea grandiflora], in: Orchid Review 34: 170.

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Broadway (1926) _____, in: Orchid Review 34: 171. [Gongora]

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H.W.E. van Bruggen (1977) "Stanhopea grandiflora (Lodd.) Lindl.," in: Die Orchideen 39 (5): 191 [in Dutch].

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Caesiana: Italian Journal of Orchidology/ Rivista Italiana di Orchidologia, established in 1993. Official magazine of the AIO: http://www.assorchidee.it/en/Pagine/caesiana.html. Index to articles, through vol. 14: http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/6917/caesiana.htm

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Herve Canals (1985) "Stanhopea tigrina Batem., Stanhopea grandiflora Ldl.," in: Orchidophile 16 (69): 936-937. [in French]

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Herve Canals (1994) Stanhopea et genres allies. Les Stanhopeinae, Orchidees de la sous-famille Vandaidae. 120 pages, including 6 pages f color figures. In French.

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P.M. Catling and V.R. Catling (1988) "An annotated list of the orchids of Belize," in: Orquidea (Mex.) 11: 63-102, Fig. 3. [Stanhopea whittenii, et al.]

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E.V. Charpentier (1973) "La sistematica de Stanhopea: un caos," in: Orquidea (Mex.) 2 (9): 259-267.

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Guy Chiron (2002) "Orchidées épiphytes du bassin du Sinnamary (Guyane française)," in: Acta Bot. Gallica 149(3): 289-297.
Abstract: "We describe the field operation conducted by AFCPO, in 1993-1994, to collect several hundreds of epiphytic Orchids along the Sinnamary River. Then we present more specifically the progress to a better knowledge in the field of French Guiana Orchids." [Kegeliella?]

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Guy Chiron and Roger Bellone (2005) Les orchidées de Guyane française. Ed. Tropicalia/AFCEV, 374 pages, 330 colour pictures, line drawings. In French only. Full description/order iinformation at http://www.richardiana.com/?rub=Guyane [Gongora nigrita, pleiochroma, et al.; Stanhopeas]

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Eric A. Christenson (4 April 1997) "Orchidaceae (Orchid Family)," in: Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana, Part 1. Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons, Memoirs 76. Bronx: The New York Botanical Garden, pp. 286-342. [Stanhopea grandiflora, p. 335 and Fig. 146, Pl. LXIIIb].

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Colombian Orchid Society (1990-1991) Native Colombian Orchids. Vol. 1-6; see under: Rodrigo R. Escobar [ed.]

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Pierre Couret (1977 - first Spanish edition) Joyas de las Orquideas Venezolanas. Caracas: Libreria Alemana Oscar Todtmann S.R.L., hardback, 104pp. [Stanhopea grandiflora, wardii]

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Pierre Couret (1982 - first English edition) Jewels of the Venezuelan Orchids. Caracas: Libreria Alemana Oscar Todtmann S.R.L., hardback, 104pp. [pp. 28-31: Stanhopea grandiflora, wardii]

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Phillip Cribb (1992) The Forgotten Orchids of Alexandre Brun. New York: Grove Press, 159p. [Cirrhaea dependens; Stan. graveolens; Stan. tigrina]

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Phillip Cribb (1979) "Stanhopea connata (Orchidaceae)," in: Curtis's Botanical Magazine 182 (3): tab. 779.

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Kenneth J. Curry (Sept. 1987) "Initiation of terpenoid synthesis in osmophores of Stanhopea anfracta (Orchidaceae); a cytochemical study," in: American Journal of Botany 74(9): 1332-1338. Link to abstract: http://www.botany.org/ajb/00029122_di001875.html

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Kenneth J. Curry, Lorraine M. McDowell, Walter S. Judd, & William Louis Stern (May 1991) "Osmophores, Floral Features, and Systematics of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: American Journal of Botany 78(5): 610-623.
"The floral fragrance glands (osmophores) of 18 species of Stanhopea and Sievekingia were examined through a series of developmental studies at light and electron microscope levels including late bud stages through postanthesis." [Sievekingia; Stanhopea anfracta, annulata, candida, ecornuta, gibbosa, martiana, oculata, pulla, radiosa, ruckeri, saccata, shuttleworthii, tigrina, vasquezii, and wardii]
Link to abstract: http://www.botany.org/ajb/00029122_di001922.php

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Kenneth J. Curry, W.L. Stern, & L.M. McDowell (1988)"Osmophore development in Stanhopea anfracta and S. pulla (Orchidaceae)," in: Lindleyana 3:212-220.

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Curtis' Botanical Register (1832) vol. 18, plate 1529 [S. eburnea]; vol. 60, plate 3359.

. [The Botanical Magazine, or, Flower-garden displayed ... (London: Printed for W. Curtis by S. Couchman).
Curtis's Botanical Magazine sought to popularize and encourage the cultivation of new and wild species which were being discovered on botanical explorations around the world. It was first published in 1787 and is still published today. In its two hundred-year history, it has contained over ten thousand color illustrations. Many of the best-known British botanical illustrators have produced illustrations for the magazine. Curtis's is also noteworthy for its hiring of women illustrators throughout its history; in fact, during this century, most of its artists have been women. For most of its long history, all of the illustrations in the magazine were hand-colored. They did not make the change to printed color until 1948.]

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Die Orchidee (Germany):

Rudolf Jenny (1988) "Naturhybriden mit Stanhopea ecornuta," 39(1): 6-9 [S. x horichiana, x lewisae]

Rudolf Jenny (1989) "_____," 40: 32 [S. x herrenhusana]

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Margaret A. Dix and Michael W. Dix (2000) Orchids of Guatemala: A Revised Annotated Checklist. 61p.
"This study represents a compilation of all currently recognized species of orchids known from Guatemala. Species are listed in alphabetical order, together with synonyms or species names used in older treatments, and their geographic, elevational, and habitat distribution in the country are described. Where identification of species new to Guatemala may be difficult, distinguishing characters are briefly described. The list, based on extensive field collections and herbarium material, includes 734 taxa, of which 207 new records or recently described species were not reported in earlier studies." [Stanhopea aff. costaricensis, ecornuta, graveolens, inodora, x lewisae, oculata, saccata, wardii; Kegeliella]

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Calaway H. Dodson (1963) "The Mexican Stanhopeas" in: Bull, Amer. Orchid Society 32(2): 115-129. [Stan. devoniensis, fregeana, intermedia, martiana, oculata, saccata, tigrina, wardii]

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Calaway H. Dodson (1967) "El genero Stanhopea en Colombia," in: Orquideologia 2(4): 7-27. [Stan. annulata, candida, florida, grandiflora, impressa, jenishiana, oculata, ospinae, platyceras, reichenbachiana, rodigasiana, shuttleworthii, tricornis, tricornis ssp. stenochila, wardii]

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Calaway H. Dodson (Marzo 1972) "," in: Orquideologia v.7(1): 13-18 + color photos p.34-35. [Stan. tricornis with Eulaema meiriania; Gongora quinquenervis with Euglossa]

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Calaway H. Dodson (1975a) "Clarification of some nomenclature in the genus Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: Selbyana 1 (1): 46-55.

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Calaway H. Dodson (1975b) "Orchids of Ecuador: Stanhopea," in: Selbyana 1 (2): 114–129. [Stanhopea anfracta et al.]

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Calaway H. Dodson (1980) "Stanhopea x thienii Dodson," in: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum 4: t.323. [natural hybrid of Stanhopea annulata Mansf. x Stanhopea ____]

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Calaway H. Dodson (1998) Stanhopea carchiensis, in: Orquideologia v.21(1): 46.

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Calaway H. Dodson and David E. Bennett Jr. (1991a) Orchids of Peru: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 1 (plates 1-100). Missouri Botanical Garden.
"Distribution maps and 100 full-page b/w drawings showing floral dissections. One orchid per page. Unbound and shrinkwrapped."

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Calaway H. Dodson and David E. Bennett Jr. (1991b) Orchids of Peru: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 2 (plates 101-200). Missouri Botanical Garden.

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Calaway H. Dodson and P. Marmol de Dodson (1980) Orchids of Ecuador: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series I, Fascicles 1-4 (plates 1 to 400). Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota.

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Calaway H. Dodson and P. Marmol de Dodson (1982) Orchids of Ecuador: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series I, Fascicle 5 (plates 401 to 500). Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota. [Stanhopea anfracta et al.]

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Calaway H. Dodson and P. Marmol de Dodson (1984) Orchids of Ecuador: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series I, Fascicle 10 (plates 901 to 1000). Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota.

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Calaway H. Dodson and P. Marmol de Dodson (1991a) Orchids of Ecuador: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 5 (plates 401-500). Missouri Botanical Garden.

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Calaway H. Dodson and P. Marmol de Dodson (1991b) Orchids of Ecuador: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 6 (plates 501-600). Missouri Botanical Garden. [Plate 591 Stanhopea sp.]

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Calaway H. Dodson, P. Marmol de Dodson, Roberto Vasquez, Fritz Hamer, Dora Emilia Mora, John Atwood, David E. Bennett (Aug 1996) Orchids of the Tropical New World: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum (Series I & II) and Icones Orchidacearum Collections CD-ROM. Lightbinders, Inc. $49.95
"This work is designed for botanists, researchers and orchid fanciers seeking definitive identification of New World Species. Now, searching for that elusive species will be made easier with this by. The CD-ROM covers the major Icones collections, focusing on New World species and contains more than 2400 entries by authors who are all experts in their fields."

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Calaway H. Dodson, R.L. Dressler, H.G. Hills, R.M. Adams, & N.H. Williams (1969) "Biologically active compounds in Orchid fragrances," in: Science 164: 1243-1249.

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Calaway H. Dodson and G.P. Frymire (May 1961) "Preliminary Studies in the genus Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 48(2): 137-172. [bucephalus, deltoidea, tricornis]

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Calaway H. Dodson and A.H. Gentry (1978) "Flora of the Rio Palenque Science Center; Orchidaceae" in: Selbyana 4(2): 192-194.

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Calaway H. Dodson and Carlyle A. Luer (16 Sept 2005) Flora of Ecuador: 225(2). Orchidaceae, Genera AA-Cyrtidiorchis. [Acineta: Colemani, collosa, Dalessandroi, fulva, Humboldtii, sulcata, suberba; Breamia vittata; Houlletia vittata, Polycycnis vittata].

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Calaway H. Dodson and L. Van der Pijl (1969) "Stanhopeinae," in: Orchid Flowers, their pollination and evolution 111: 67-76.

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Calaway H. Dodson and R. Vásquez C. (1991a) Orchids of Bolivia: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 3 (plates 201-300). Missouri Botanical Garden.

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Calaway H. Dodson and R. Vásquez C. (1991b) Orchids of Bolivia: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II, Fascicle 4 (plates 301-400). Missouri Botanical Garden.

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Robert L. Dressler (1966) "Some observations on Gongora," in: Orchid Digest 30: 220-223.

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Robert L. Dressler (1967) "Observations on orchids and euglossine bees in Panama and Costa Rica," in: Rev. Biol. Trop. 15: 143-183 [Kegeliella atropillosa]

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Robert L. Dressler (1971) "Una gongora interesante del Ecuador," in: Orquideologia 6(2): 70-73?. [Gongora gratulabunda, p. 73; Gga. grossa p. 103]

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Robert L. Dressler (Junio 1972) "Dos especies nuevas de Gongora," in: Orquideologia 7(2): 71-77. [Gga. gibba; claviodora, line drawings, plus color photos of these + Gga. tricolor on p.105]

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Robert L. Dressler (1976) "Una Sievekingia nueva de Colombia," in: Orquideologia 11(3): 215-220.

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Robert L. Dressler (1977a) "Dos Polycycnis nuevas de Sur America," in: Orquideologia 12: 313.

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Robert L. Dressler (1977b) "El genero Polycycnis en Panama y Costa Rica," in: Orquideologia 12: 117-133.

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Robert L. Dressler (1979) "Una Sievekingia Llamativa de Panama (An Attractive New Sievekingia from Panam)," in: Orquidiologia 13(3): 221-224 (Esp.), 224-226 (English), plus color photp p. 227. [Sievekingia butcheri Dressler]

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Robert L. Dressler (1989) "Stanhopea avicula," in: Amer. Orchid Society Bull. 58(9).

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Robert L. Dressler (1993a) Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Portland: Dioscorides Press, 314pp. [pg. 175: line-drawings of pollinaria of different Stanhopinae; Plate 8: color photo of Stanhopea gibbosa from Costa Rica; Gongora; Kegeliella]

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Robert L. Dressler (1993b) Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 304 pp, 240 illustrations. [Acineta superba; A. chrysantha; A. sella-turcica; Gongora amparoana; G. tricolor; G. claviodora; G. gibba; G. atropurpurea; G. quinquenervis; G. unicolor; G. truncata; G. charontis; G. horichiana; G. armeniaca; Kegeliella atropilosa; K. houtteana; K. kupperi; Lacaena bicolor; L. spectabilis; Schlimia jasminodora; Sievekingia fimbriata; S. butcheri; S. suavis; Stanhopea oculata; S. panamensis; S. warscewicziana; S. wardii; S. costaricensis; S. gibbosa; S. cirrhata; S. avicula; S. ecornuta; S. pulla; Trevoria glumacea; T. zahlbruckneriana]

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Robert L. Dressler and W.M. Whitten (July 1992) "The genus Kegeliella: a century of confusion," in: Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61(7):682-687. [Kegeliella atropilosa, houtteana, kupperi].

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Galfrid C.K. Dunsterville (1964) Introduction to the World of Orchids. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. [pp.24-25: Acineta superba; pp. 44-45: Gongora quinquenervis; pp. 84-85: Paphinia cristata; pp. 96-97: Stanhopea wardii]

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G.C.K. Dunsterville (28 August 1987) Venezuelan Orchids. Caracas: Editores Armitano, C.A., 128 p. [S. grandiflora, S. wardii]
"60 Venezuelan orchid species. For each one, a color photograph and a brief description."

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and E. Dunsterville (1988) Orchid Hunting in the Lost World (And Elsewhere in Venezuela). American Orchid Society, West Palm Beach. A compilation of articles previously published in the AOS Bulletin.

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (1959-1976) Orchids of Venezeula. Six volumes:

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (Dec. 1959) Orchids of Venezeula, Volume 1. London: Andre Deutsch Limited. [p.408: Stanhopea grandiflora as S. eburnea; p.410: S. amoena, aurea, venusta, wardii]

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (1965) Orchids of Venezeula, Volume 3. London: Andre Deutsch Limited. [p.296: Stanhopea bucephalus, cymbiformis, guttata, guttulata, Lindleyi, minor, oculata, ornatissima, Purpussi]

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (1966) Orchids of Venezeula, Volume 4. London: Andre Deutsch Limited. [p.286: Stanhopea candida, Randii]

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (June 1976) Orchids of Venezeula, Volume 6. London: Andre Deutsch Limited. [pp. 38: correction to Vol. 1; p.418: Stanhopea Jenischiana, Hoppii].

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G.C.K. Dunsterville and Leslie A. Garay (1979) Orchids of Venezeula: An Illustrated Field Guide. Three volumes, soft cover [pp. 948-952: Stan. candida, grandiflora, Jenischiana, oculata, Wardii].

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Epidendra - The Botanical Databases on Epiphytic Plants by Jardin Botanico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. Updated by Walter Schug. http://mesoamericanorchids.de/

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Rodrigo R. Escobar [ed.] (19--) Native Colombian Orchids, Volume 1: Acacallis-Dryadella. Medellin: Compania Litografica Nacional S.A. [1: Embreea, 164-165].

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Rodrigo R. Escobar [ed.] (1992) Native Colombian Orchids, Volume 4: Porroglossum-Zygosepalum. Medellin: Compania Litografica Nacional S.A., pp. 456-616. [pp. 546-553: Stanhopea platyceras, reichenbachiana, impressa, oculata, connata, candida, avicula, shuttleworthii, wardii, panamensis, pulla]

.

Rodrigo R. Escobar [ed.] (199-) Native Colombian Orchids, Volume 4. : Compania Litografica Nacional S.A., pp. 617-1021. [Acineta beyrodtiana, pg. 21]

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Rodrigo R. Escobar [ed.] (1998) Native Colombian Orchids, Volume 6: Supplement Leucohyle-Zootrophion. Medellin: Compania Litografica Nacional S.A., pp. 847-1069. [pp. 1022-1033: Stan. cf. costaricensis, ospinae, stevensonii, wardii, jenischiana, posadae, shuttleworthii, candida, annulata, pulla, avicula, tricornis, impressa, xherrenhusana, reichenbachiana]

.

Carlos Garcia Esquivel (April 1993) 'Coryhopea Gar-Land-Uz,' in: AOS Bull. 62(4): 390-393. [Stanhopea platyceras x Coryanthes bruchmuelleri]

.

Richard Felger (Spring 2006) "Botanical treasures of the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental," in: Restoring Connections, newsletter of the Sky Island Alliance, Vol. 9(1): The Mexican Sky Islands. Online at: www.skyislandalliance.org/newsletter/06_Spring-MexicanSkyIslands.pdf [Mexican stanhopeas]

.

Robert Jean Ferry Townsend (February 1999) "'An Anatomical Study of the Epidermis of Leaves of the Genus Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) and their Taxonomic Implications/Estudio Anatomico Epidermico en las Hojas del Genero Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) y sus Implicaciones Taxonomicas." Privately published PhD dissertation; Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico. 49 pp, 3 appendices.

.

Robert J. Ferry Sr. (Jan.-Feb.-Mar. 2000) "Leafprints and Statistical Analyses: Findings and Implications," in: Orchid Digest, vol. 64 (1), pp. 21-26. -- based on his PhD research on stanhopea identification by examining stomata from abaxial and adaxial leaf peels.
"In this article, Bob Ferry described his work towards his doctoral thesis, which involved statistically analysing leaf epidermal cell area sizes in Stanhopea species and arriving at some good scientific conclusions."

.

Charles Marden Fitch (April 2000) "Fragrant Orchids," in: Orchids 69(4): 322-333. [photo of Stanhopea embreei, p.332]

.

Flora Mesoamericana List, Searchable Index from the Tropicos Database at http://mobot.mobot.org/Pick/Search/index/mesoaS.html [Stanhopea cirrhata, costaricensis, ecornuta, gibbosa, wardii, warscewicziana]

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S. Fogel (1963) "Das sexuelle Anlockungsprinzip der Catasetinen- und Stanhopeen-Bluten und die wahre Funktion ihres sogenannten Futtergewebes," in: Oesterr. Bot. Z. 100: 308-337.

.

Ernesto Foldats (Dec. 1968) "Contribucion de la Orquidioflora de Venezuela," in Acta Botanica Venezuelica v.3: 305-426. [Peristeria, Sievekingia et al.]

.

Ernesto Foldats (1969-197-) "Orchidaceae," vol. XV de la Flora de Venezuela, __ Parte, pp. __. Caracas: Instituto Botanico, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria. [Stanhopea ]

.

J. A. Fowlie, M.D. (May 1967) "Orchid Collecting in the Colombian Andes: Part I., Evolutionary Considerations," in: Orchid Digest 31: 139. [Stan. pulla + Stan. platyceras on cover]

.

J. A. Fowlie, M.D. (Oct. 1968) 'Orchid Collecting in the Colombian Andes: Inferno-Paradiso on the Road to Jardines,' in: Orchid Digest 32(8): 251. [S. platyceras]

.

J. A. Fowlie, M.D. (Jan.-Feb. 1969) 'Revelations in the Choco,' in: Orchid Digest 33: 29. [S. rodigasiana]

.

Erico de Freitas Machado (2008) "Historia do Patrimonio Natural do Espírito Santo Orquideas," Documenta Historica Editora Ltda., 120 pp. [Stanhopea graveolens, guttulata, insignis, lietzei; Brazil]
Link: http://www.jbrj.gov.br/publica/rodriguesia/Rodrig55_84/15584.pdf

.

Max Fulcher 2000 The Enchanted Orchid. [S. tigrina; nigroviolacea] Max Fulcher's website: www.maxfulcher.com

.

Leslie Andrew Garay (1958) "Bifrenaria grandis (Kraenzl.) Garay," in: Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 208. [was first published as Lacaena grandis]

.

Leslie A. Garay, Ph.D. (Julio 1969) "Orquideas Colombianas, Nuevas o Criticas (Decena II)," in: Orquideologia 4(2): 76-84, incl. color illustrations pp.81-82. [Gongora Sanderiana p. 80 + color photo p.81]

.

Leslie A. Garay, Ph.D. (April 1969) "Orquideas Colombianas, Nuevas o Criticas (Decena I)," in: Orquideologia 4(1): 14-21, plus color illustrations pp.32-33. [Stan. pulla p. 17 + color photo; Sievekingia colombiana p.18 + line-drawing p.19 and color photo p. 32]

.

Leslie A. Garay (Abril 1970) "El genero Trevoria F. C. Lehmann," in: Orquideologia 5(1): 3-13. [T. chloris, escobariana, glumacea, lehmanni, zahlbruckneriana, incl. line-drawings of all but T. glumacea, plus color photo of T. escobariana p. 34]

.

Leslie A. Garay, Ph.D. (Julio 1970) "Orquideas Colombianas, Nuevas o Criticas (Decena V)," in: Orquideologia 5(2): 79-88, plus color illustrations pp.83-84. [Stan. Schilleriana p.85-86 + color photo p.107]

.

Leslie A. Garay, Barrett Anderson, Orbelia Robinson (Jan 1989) Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames Botanical Museum Index. Chadwyck-Healey Inc., 225p. $125.00

.

Leslie A Garay and Gustavo A. Romero-Gonzalez (1999), "Gongora quinquenervis." in: Schedulae Orchidum II, Harvard Papers in Botany, 4(2): 481-482.

.

Gardeners' Chronicle: 7 (1868)[S. platyceras]; 842 (1868)[S. xytriophora]; 1254 (1869)[S. gibbosa]; 5:795 (1876)[S. shuttleworthii]; 7:810 (1877)[S. pulla]; 40 (1879)[S. reichenbachiana]; 615 (1879)[S. florida]

.

Amme Gardiner (Dec. 2000) "My Strange and stunning Stanhopeas," in: Orchids Australia 12(6). [Photo of Stanhopea wardii ‘Jill’ HCC/AOC]

.

J. Gardiner (1983) "Liverpool Botanic Gardens. Plant Portraits: Stanhopea nigroviolacea," in: Orchid Review 91 (1081): 336.

.

Guenther Gerlach (1999) "80. Subtribus: Stanhopeinae und 81. Subtribus: Coeliopsidinae (Teil 1)," in: Schlechter, Die Orchideen, Band I, Teil C, Lieferung 37/38, 128 p. with 142 B&W illustrations, in German [849. Soterosanthus; 850. Brasilocycnis; 851. Polycycnis; 852. Kegeliella; 853. coryanthes; 854. Stanhopea; 855. Sievekingia; 856. Embreea; 857. Gongora; 858. Cirrhaea; 859. Paphinia; 860. Horichia; 861. Houlletia; 862. Schlimmia; 863. Trevoria; 864. Acineta; 865. Lueddemannia; 866. Lacaena; 867. Vasqueziella; 868. Braemia]

.

Gunther Gerlach (2000), Tribus Oncidieae. 80. Subtribus Stanhopeinae: 2384, in: Die Orchideen 3, 19.

.

Guenther Gerlach (2000) "Kegeliella orientalis G. Gerlach sp. nov.," in: Romero and Carnevali: Orchids of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide. Second Ed.: 1137.

.

Gunther Gerlach (2001) "Die Subtribus Stanhopeinae: 3. Horichia bis Lacaena," in: J. Orchideenfreund 8(2): 105-118.

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Gunther Gerlach (2001b) "Die Subtribus Stanhopeinae. 4. Lueddemannia bis Schlimmia," in: J. Orchideenfreund 8(4): 325-337.

.

Gunther Gerlach (2001c) "Article 1 of a series on Colombian Stanhopeinae," in: Orquideologia," 22(1): 23-35.

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Gunther Gerlach (2003) "The subtribe Stanhopeinae: biology and systematics," in: Proceedings of the European Orchid Conference and Show (ed. J. Hermans and P.J. Cribb), pp. 135-142. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.

.

Gunther Gerlach (2004) "Die Subtribus Stanhopeinae. 6. Stanhopea," in: Journal fur die Orchideenfreund 11(1): 53-76.

.

Gunther Gerlach (2004b) "Stanhopeinae Mesoamericanae 2 (Orchidaceae). Dos especies nuevas: Polycycnis blancoi y Coryanthes maduroana," in: Lankesteriana 4(1): 67-73.

.

R. Govaerts (21 February 2003) Computer printout of the monocot checklist, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. [lists 55 stanhopea species]

.

William R. Goldner, David H. McMahon, and Jochen Heydel (March 1997) 'Orchid Aromas: Analysis to Essence,' in: Orchids 66(3): 265-271.[Stanhopea costaricensis, pulla, wardii]

.

M.I. González & Dora Emilia Mora de Retana (1996) "El color de las flores en la taxonomía de cuatro especies de Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: Revista Biol. Trop. 44: 525-539.
A statistical analysis of floral colors in four species of Stanhopea occurring in Costa Rica results in refined characterizations. A key (based mainly on flower colors) is provided to distinguish the spp. studied (Stanhopea costaricensis Rchb. f., S. gibbosa Rchb. f., S. wardii Lodd. ex Lindl., and S. warscewicziana Klotzsch). The authors describe the scent of Stanhopea costaricensis as "very sweet, strong, confectionery body powder, cloves, floral, slightly spicy, bergamot."

.

Edmund Gosse (1890) The Life of Philip Henry Gosse. London. [pg. 299 contains Charles Darwin's response to a letter he received from P.H. Gosse, 30 May 1863, asking for a solution of his difficulties in fertilising Stanhopea.]

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Bernard Greer (Jan-Feb 1987) 'Those incredible Stanhopeas - Notes from a love affair with an extraordinary orchid,' in: Australian Orchid Review 52(1): 26-33.

.

Bernard Greer (1998). "Imposter from Peru? No, the real, Stanhopea peruviana!," in: Austral. Orchid Rev. 62(6): 4-5.

.

Bernard Greer (Sept. 1998) The Astonishing Stanhopeas (the upside-down orchids). Sydney: Australian Orchid Foundation. 92 color pages, including 55 known species and five natural hybrids.

.

J. R. Haager and J. Jenik (1984) 'Stanhopea tadeasi Haager & Jenik, sp.nov.... A New Orchid From the Ecuadoran Andes,' in: Orchid Digest 48(5): 182-186. [now Stan. connata Klotzsch]

.

Eric Hagsater (1972) "Stanhopea devoniensis," in: Orchidata 12 (2): 44-47.

.

Eric Hágsater and Gerardo A. Salazar [eds.] (1990) Icones Orchidacearum - Fascicle 1, Orchids of Mexico. 100 pages.

.

Fritz Hamer (1974) Las Orquideas de El Salvador. Vol. 1 (374 p.) and Vol. 2 (400 p.). San Salvador: Ministerio de Educacion.

.

Fritz Hamer (1981) Las Orquideas de El Salvador. Vol. 3 (303 p.). San Salvador: Ministerio de Educacion.

.

Fritz Hamer (1975-1981) Las Orquideas de El Salvador. Three volumes [V.2, 331-337; V.3, 226-227].

.

Fritz Hamer (1982) Orchids of Nicaragua: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicles 7-9 (plates 601-900). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota.

.

Fritz Hamer (1984) Orchids of Nicaragua: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicles 11-12 (plates 1001-1200). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota.

.

Fritz Hamer (1985) Orchids of Nicaragua: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicles 13 (plates 1201-1300). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota.

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Fritz Hamer (22 December 1988) "Orchids of Central America, An Illustrated Field Guide (A-L)," in: Selbyana 10: Supp. 1-422. [Acineta; Gongora; Kegeliella; Lacaena]

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Fritz Hamer (24 April 1990) "Orchids of Central America, An Illustrated Field Guide (M-Z)," in: Selbyana 11: Supp. 423-860. [Sievekingia suavis; Stanhopea cirrhata, S. costaricensis, S. ecornuta, S. gibbosa, S. graveolens, S. inodora, S. oculata, S. ruckeri, S. saccata, S. wardii; Trevoria glumacea, T. zahlbruckneriana]

.

R J Hartley (July-Aug 2001) "Big is Beautiful. Stanhopea and its Cultivation," in: The Orchid Review 109(1240): 215-216.

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Harvard University Herbarium (as of 13 April 2003), Index of Botanical Specimens.
URL: http://brimsa.huh.harvard.edu/cms-wb/specimen_index.html
[12 specimens listed, representing 5 stanhopea species: Stanhopea costaricensis, gibbosa, haselowiana, maculosa, marshii]

.

Alex D. Hawkes (1965) Encyclopaedia of Cultivated Orchids. London: Faber & Faber Ltd.

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J. Henshall (1845) Practical Treatment on the Cultivation of Orchidaceous Plants. p. 123.

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A. Herklotz (1976) "Eine neue Orchidee aus Ekuador: Stanhopea embreei Dodson," in: Die Orchidee 27 (6): 247.

.

Fernando Hernandez (1628) De Rerum Medicarum Nova Hispaniae Thesaurus. [Natural History of Mexico]

.

G. Heynhold (1846) Nomenclator Botanicus Hortensis 2: 698.

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Alex Hirtz (2003) "Exploring the evolution of Andean orchids," in: Proceedings of the European Orchid Conference and Show (ed. J. Hermans and P.J. Cribb), pp. 177-186. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.

.

F.C. Hoehne (1949) Iconografia de Orchidaceas do Brasil. Sao Paulo: Secretaria de Agricultura, 301 illustrated pages, followed by 300 full-page plates. [Gongora bufonia (Pl. 186), nigrita (Pl. 187); Stanhopea candida (Pl. ), eburnea (Pl. 179), graveolens (Pl. 177 color), guttulata (Pl. 180), insignis (Pl. 176), oculata (Pl. ), Randii (Pl. )]

.

Clarence K. Horich (1964) "Stanhopea lewisae," in: Die Orchidee 15: 168-171.

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Clarence Kl. Horich (1967) "Eine neve mittelamerikanische Acineta," in: Die Orchidee 18: 306-310.

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Clarence Kl. Horich (May-June 1974) 'The Costa Rican Stanhopea Species,' in: Orchid Digest 38 (3): 108-113. [includes cirrhata, costaricensis, ecornuta, x fowlieana, gibbosa, pulla, wardii, warscewiczii]

.

Clarence Kl. Horich (1974) "Stanhopea saccata Batem.," in: Die Orchidee 25 (3): 108-110. [in German]

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Clarence Kl. Horich (1974) "Stanhopea warscewicziana Kl.," in: Die Orchidee 25 (4): 153-154. [in German]

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Clarence Kl. Horich (1975) "Stanhopea connata," in: Die Orchidee 26 (5): 211-214. [in German]

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Clarence Kl. Horich (1976) "Unas notas sobre Sievekingia fimbriata Rchb.f.," in: Orquideologia 11(1): 85-86.

.

Clarence Kl. Horich (1976) "Stanhopea ecornuta, St. cirrhata und St. pulla," in: Die Orchidee 27 (4): 172-174. [in German]

.

Clarence Kl. Horich (Abril 1979) "Al alcance nuestro: La perpetuacion de Orquideas escasas (Within our reach: The preservation of rare orchids)," in: Orquideologia v.13(3): 248-255 (Esp.), 256-260 (English). [Stanhopea quadricornis]

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Clarence Kl. Horich (Junio 1981) "Gongoras en Centro America (Gongoras in Central America)," in: Orquidiologia 14(3): 231-253 (Esp.), 254-267 (English).

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Clarence Kl. Horich (1986) "Stanhopea ecornuta, die Mutter zweier neuer Gattungshybriden: Stanhocycnis Inspiration und Stangora Elcimey," in Die Orchidee 37(4): __. [Stan. ecornuta, Gga. horichiana, Polycycnis barbata; cover photo at right]

.

Clarence Kl. Horich (1993) "Stanhopea gibbosa und Stanhopea costaricensis zu Hause," in: Die Orchidee 44 (2): 77-79. [in German]

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Icones Orchidacearum
Fascicle 1 (plates 1-100), Orchids of Mexico, 1990, by E. Hágsater & G. A. Salazar
Fascicle 2 (plates 101-200), A Century of Epidendrum, 1993, by E. Hágsater

.

Icones Plantarum Tropicarum
Series I, Fascicles 1-16, published 1980-1993 by Marie Selby Botanical Garden
[plate 318: Stanhopea embreei]
Series II, Fascicles 1-6, published 1991 by the Missouri Botanical Garden

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Rudolf Jenny (1982-) Series of articles about the genus Gongora in Die Orchideen.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1982) "Die Gongorinae, 7. Kegeliella," in: Orchidee 33: 130-139.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1984) "Stanhopea jenischiana (Orchideenkartei S.__)," in: Die Orchidee 35(2): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

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Rudolf Jenny (1985) 'The Genus Embreea,' in: Orchid Digest 49: 65. [includes Stanhopea rodigasiana and Embreea rodigasiana]

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Die Gongorinae, 6. Gongora, Teil XIV: Einige Ergänzungen und Korrekturen," in: Die Orchidee 37(1): __.

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Einige Notizen zur Gattung Sievekingia. Die Gattung Soterosantus und zwei neue Arten: Sievekingia herrenhusana und herklotzianain" in: Die Orchidee 37(2): 73.

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Stanhopea annulata MANSFELD 1938 (Orchideenkartei S. 441-442)," in: Die Orchidee 37(2): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Stanhopea florida RCHB.F. 1879 (Orchideenkartei S. 443-444)," in: Die Orchidee 37(2): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Stanhopea impressa ROLFE 1898 (Orchideenkartei S. 449-450)," in: Die Orchidee 37(3): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Stanhopea connata KLOTSCH 1854 (Orchideenkartei S. 451-452)," in: Die Orchidee 37(3): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Die Gongorinae, 6. Gongora, Teil XV: Gongora gratulabunda und Gongora similis," in: Die Orchidee 37(4): __.

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Rudolf Jenny (1986) "Die Gongorinae, 6. Gongora, Teil 16: Gongora pleiochroma, Gongora minax, Gongora longipes und Gongora latisepala," in: Die Orchidee 37(6): __.

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Rudolf Jenny (1988a) "Naturhybriden mit Stanhopea ecornuta," in: Die Orchidee 39: 6-9. [Stanhopea x horichiana, x lewisae]

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Rudolf Jenny (1988b) "Notwendige Neotypificationen in der Subtribus Gongorinae," in: Orchidee 39: 180-186. [Kegeliella]

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Rudolf Jenny (1989) "Kegeliella kupperi," in: Orchidee 40: Orchideenkartei 573-574.

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Rudolf Jenny (1990) "Die Gongorinae: 6. Gongora Teil 18: neue Gongora- Arten au Kolumbien," in Orchidee 41(4): 120-123.

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Rudolf Jenny (1992a) "Sievekingia jenmanii" in: Schlechteriana 2: 76.

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Rudolf Jenny (1992b) "Sievekingia jenmanii" in: Schlechteriana 3: 116.

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Rudolf Jenny (Jan-Feb-Mar 1993) "The Genus Stanhopea in Colombia," in: Orchid Digest 57(1): 17-31. [S. annulata, candida, connata, florida, grandiflora, x herrenhusana, impressa, jenischiana, oculata, ospinae, platyceras, pulla, reichenbachiana, rodigasiana, shuttleworthii, tricornis, wardii]

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Rudolf Jenny (1993) "Stanhopea graveolens," in: Orquidario 7 (1): 18-21. [translated from the original German by W. Scheliga]

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Rudolf Jenny (1993) "Stanhopea in Costa Rica and Panama," in: Schlechteriana 4 (1-2): 66-92. [German and English]

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Rudolf Jenny (Q1 1993) "La storia di Stanhopea hernandezii / The History of Stanhopea hernandezii," in: Caesiana 1: ___.

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Rudolf Jenny (1993) Monograph of the genus Gongora Ruiz & Pavón (transl. M. Sommer & C. d'Heureuse). Koeltz Scientific Books, Champaign, IL, U. S. A./Königstein, Germany.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1993) "Eine neue Stanhopea aus Kolumbien. A new Stanhopea from Colombia," in: Schlecteriana 4 (3): 125-127. [Stanhopea posadae sp.nov.]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1993) 'Preliminary checklist of the Genus Stanhopea,' in: Schlecteriana 4 (3).

.

Rudolf Jenny (Dec. 1993) 'The Genus Stanhopea,' in: AOS Bull. 62 (12): 1271-1277; includes the very useful 'Preliminary List of Stanhopea Species'. [photos of: Stan. shuttleworthii, hernandezii, jenischiana x connata, eccornuta, deltoidea, connata, candida, tricornis; Embreea rodigasiana; Stan. Mem. Paul Allen]

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Rudolf Jenny (199-) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 10," in: __?__ Vol. _, pp. -.
[Stanhopea -, S. -, S. -, S. - and S. -]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1993) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: Teil 11," in: Die Orchidee 44 (2): 65-70.
[Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindley, Stanhopea tigrina var. nigoviolacea Morren]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1993) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: Teil 12," in: Die Orchidee 44 (3): 137-142.
[Stanhopea florida Rchb.f., Stanhopea haselowiana Rchb.f., Stanhopea nigripes Rolfe]

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Rudolf Jenny (1994) "Stanhopea lietzei (Regel) Schlechter," in: Revista Orquidário volume 8. ºnº 1: 8-9. [translated by W. Scheliga]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1994) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 13," in: Caesiana no. 3, pp. -.
[Stanhopea avicula, Stanhopea guttulata and Stanhopea stevensonii Mejia & Escobar ex Jenny, spec. nov.]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1995) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 14," in: Caesiana 4, pp. -.
[Stanhopea bolivarensis; S. x herrenhusana, S. x horichiana, S. x lewisae and S. x thienii]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1995) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 15," in: Caesiana 5: 7-28.
[Stanhopea maculosa Knowles et Westcott, Stanhopea napoensis Dodson, Stanhopea novogaliciana Rosillo, Stanhopea opsinae Dodson, Stanhopea posadae Jenny et Braem, Stanhopea x quadricornis Lindley]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1996) "Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindley 1838," in: Caesiana 7: center page pullout.

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Rudolf Jenny (1996) "The genus Gongora," in: Orchids 65(11): 1164-1169.

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Rudolf Jenny (1996) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 16th," in: Caesiana 7: 23-30. [Stanhopea peruviana Rolfe]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1997) "Stanhopea platyceras Rchb. f. und ihr "Albino"," in: Orchidee 48(1): 4-8.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1997) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 17," in: Caesiana no. 9, pp. 21-40.
[Stanhopea maculosa from Mexico, S. saccata Bateman, S. radiosa Lemaire, and a new species, Stanhopea pseudoradiosa Jenny & Gonzalez-Tamayo]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1998a) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 18," in: Caesiana no. 10, pp. 7-22.
[Stanhopea x fowlieana, a natural hybrid; S. gibbosa Rchb.f.; and S. costaricensis Rchb.f.]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1998b) "Stanhopea wardii Lodd. ex Lindl. 1838 (Orchideenkartei S. 879-882)," in: Die Orchidee 49(3): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

.

Rudolf Jenny (1998b) "Stanhopea warszewicziana KLOTZSCH 1852 (Orchideenkartei S. 883-884)," in: Die Orchidee 49(4): center page pullout (Orchid Indexcard).

.

Rudolf Jenny (1998d) "Un hibrido Natural del genero Stanhopea muy poco visto," in: Orquideophilo 6(1): 41-43, incl. color photos, drawings, and map. [Stan. x herrenhusana, reichenbachiana, tricornis, tricornis ssp. stenochila]

.

Rudolf Jenny (1998e) "Un hibrido natural del genero Stanhopea muy poco visto, Parte II," in: Orquideophilo 6(2): 47-49, incl. color photos, drawings, and map. [Stan. tricornis ssp. stenochila] See: Dodson (1967)

.

Rudolf Jenny (1999a) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 19th, Stanhopea anfracta and S. pozoi" in: Caesiana 12: 11-20.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1999b) "Lueckelia, a new genus in the Stanhopeinae," in: Austral. Orchid. Rev. 64(4): 14-16.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1999c) "Notes on the publication of the new genus, Lueckelia," in: Austral. Orchid Rev. 64(5): 19.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1999d) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 20, Stanhopea maduroi, S. impressa,and S. carchiensis" in: Caesiana 13: 17-24.

.

Rudolf Jenny (1999e)"New and rediscovered species of Stanhopea," 16th World Orchid Conference, Vancouver. Lecture on April 30, 1999. Proceedings published 2000...

.

Rudolf Jenny (2000a) "A review of the genus Paphinia," in: Australian Orchid Review 65(2): 4-14.

.

Rudolf Jenny (2000b) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 21th, Stanhopea greerii and Stanhopea ruckeri in: Caesiana 15: 5-16.

.

Rudolf Jenny (July 2000c) "Lückelia, um novo gênero da Subtribo Stanhopeinae," Tradução de Waldemar Scheliga, in: Revista Orquidário, volume 14, nº 3.

.

Rudolf Jenny (2002a) "A new species of Embreea from Colombia," in: Australian Orchid Review 67(1): 13-14.

.

Rudolf Jenny (2002b) "The Stanhopeinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 22nd," in: Caesiana no. 19: 1-12. [S. oculata; S. dodsoniana]

.

Rudolf Jenny (2003) "Stanhopea marizaiana, eine spektakuläre neue Art der Gattung," in: Die Orchidee 54(2): __.

.

Rudolf Jenny (August 2003) "Stanhopea marizaiana - a spectacular new species in the genus," in: Orchids Australia 15(4): 22-25. [6 color photos; incl. related Stan. deltoidea]

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Rudolf Jenny (Dec. 2003) "The Genus Stanhopea. Part 1: S. anfracta to S. napoensis," in: Caesiana 21, Supplement. 200 color photos, 160 p. Italian/English, covers 32 Stanhopea species: anfracta, annulata, avicula, candida, cirrhata, connata, costaricensis, deltoidea, dodsoniana, ecornuta, embreei, florida, frymirei, gibbosa, grandiflora, graveolens, greeri, guttulata, haselowiana, hernandezii, impressa, inodora, insignis, intermedia, jenischiana, leitzei, maculosa, maduroi, marizaiana, martiana, moliana, napoensis and hybrids: Stanhopea April Fool, Coryhopea Wistman's Wood, Stanhopea Racine, Stanhopea Me. Paul Allen, and Stanhopea tigrina x Cirrhaea saccata.

.

Rudolf Jenny (Jan-Feb 2004) "The genus Soterosanthus F.C. Lehmann ex Jenny," in: Australian Orchid Review 69(1): 13-15.

.

Rudolf Jenny (April 2004) "Stanhopea schilleriana Rchb.f.- An old name and a good species from Colombia," in: Orchids Australia 16(2): __.
"a well documented and illustrated article on the subtle differences between Stanhopea schilleriana, Stanhopea shuttleworthii, and Stanhopea maculata. There are seven illustrations, including drawings from the Reichenbach herbarium."

.

Rudolf Jenny (May-June 2004) "The genus Lacaena Lindley," in: Australian Orchid Review 69(3): 14-21, 23.

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Rudolf Jenny (June 2004) "The Genus Stanhopea. Part 2: S. nigripes to S. xytriophora," in: Caesiana 22, Supplement., pp. 146-291. Color & B&W photos, line-drawings, Italian/English, bibliography, checklist; covers 25 Stanhopea species: nigripes, novogaliciana, oculata, ospinae, panamensis, peruviana, platyceras, posadae, pozoi, pseudoradiosa, pulla, radiosa, reichenbachiana, ruckeri, saccata, schilleriana, shuttleworthii, stevensonii, tigrina, tricornis, tricornis ssp. stenochila, wardii, warscewicziana, whittenii, xytriophora; as well as 6 natural Stanhopea hybrids x fowlieana, x herrenhusana, x horichiana, x lewisae, x quadricornis, x thienii; and 2 Embreea species: herrenhusana, rodigasiana.

.

Rudolf Jenny (month? 2005) "The Genus Lueddemannia," in: Australian Orchid Review.

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Rudolf Jenny (2005) "Stanhopeinae: ," 18th World Orchid Conference (Brazil) abstract, English: , Portuguese: http://www.delfinadearaujo.com/on/specialWOC/palestras/pagina4.htm.

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Rudolf Jenny (April 2007) "Stanhopea-Hybriden," in: Die Orchidee, DT Orchideen Gesellschaft.

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Rudolf Jenny and Guido J. Braem (1993) "A new Stanhopea from Colombia," in: Schlechteriana 4(3): 125-127. [Stanhopea posadae]

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Rudolf Jenny and Gonzalez Tamayo, R. (1997) "The Gongorinae: 7. Stanhopea: part 16," in: Caesiana no. 9: 21-40.
[Again Stanhopea maculosa from Mexico, Stanhopea saccata Bateman, Stanhopea radiosa Lemaire, and a new species, Stanhopea pseudoradiosa Jenny et Gonzalez-Tamayo]

.

F. Josst (1851) Beschreibung und Cultur einer grossen Anzahl tropischer, der Cultur werther und in europaeischen Gaerten eingefuehrter Orchideen, 1851: 315.

.

Journal of the Horticultural Society of London: 5:37 (1850)[S. cirrhata]

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P. M. Jørgensen & S. León-Yánez (eds.) (1999) "Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador," in: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i--viii, 1--1182. [Stanhopea anfracta et al.]

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George C. Kennedy (May-June 1974) "Stanhopea fregeana Discovered North of San Antonio, Texas," in: Orchid Digest 38: 89.

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George C. Kennedy (Sept.-Oct. 1975) "The Stanhopeas of Mexico," in: Orchid Digest 39(5): 178. [includes Stanhopea graveolens, hernandezii, maculosa, martiana, oculata, radiosa, saccata, tigrina]

.

George C. Kennedy (1977) "Two Confused Stanhopea Species, Stanhopea tigrina and Stanhopea nigroviolacea," in: Orchid Digest 41: 219. [3 color photos; 1 B&W]

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Julian Kenny (1988) Native Orchids of the Eastern Caribbean.

.

Index Kewensis (grey cards)

.

Myron Kimnach (Sept. 1978) "The Cultivation of Stanhopea and Its Allies," in: AOS Bull. 47(9): 784-794. [S. bucephalus, costaricensis, connata, eburnea, frymirei, gibbosa, graveolens, infracta, inodora, insignis, oculata, rodigasiana, tigrina, wardii]

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Johannes Christoph Klinge (1898) "Stanhopea intermedia," in: Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani (abbr. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada OR Act. Hort. Petrop.) 17: 142-143, pl. 3. figs. 23-25.

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Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1852) "Stanhopea amoena," in: Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 20: 273. [reclassified as Stanhopea wardii by ____ in ___]

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Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1853) "Nauenia spectabilis," in: Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 193. [republished as Lacaena spectabilis by Rchb.f. in 1854]

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Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (1854) Stanhopea connata, in: Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 22: 226. [Type publication]

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Friedrich (Fritz) Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin (1897) "__Lueddemannia sanderiana__," in: Gardeners Chronicle Series 3, 22, p.138 [now considered to be Lacaena bicolor]

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Friedrich (Fritz) Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin (1928) "Lacaena grandis," in: Fedde, Repert. (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.) 25: 25.

.

Jack Kramer (1989) The World Wildlife Fund Book of Orchids. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 276p. [Acineta humboldtii color photo p.226-227; Stan. tigrina, oculata color photos p. 228; Gga. scaphephorus color photo p. 229]

.

Roger Kramer (April 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea - Part 1," in: Orchids Australia 7(2): 50-54.

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Roger Kramer (June 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea Part 2 - Classification," in: Orchids Australia 7(3): 34-38.

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Roger Kramer (August 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea Part 3 - Pollination," in: Orchids Australia 7(4): 34-37.

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Roger Kramer (October 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea Part 4 - Cultivation," in: Orchids Australia 7(5): 34-37.

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Roger Kramer (December 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea Part 5 - Natural Hybrids, in: Orchids Australia 7(6): 34-37.

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Roger Kramer (June 1996) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons... A Photographic Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea Part 6 - Update," in: Orchids Australia 8(3): 34-37.

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Roger Kramer (August 2000) "The mystery surrounding Stanhopea ruckeri," in Orchids Australia 12(4).

.

Linda Kraus (April 1984) "The Culture of Stanhopeas -- Confessions of a Requited Lover," in: AOS Bull. 53(4): 358-366. [S. connata, costaricensis, eburnea, ecornuta, frymirei, grandiflora, graveolens, hernandezii, oculata, rodigasiana, saccata, wardii, S. Assidensis, S. Memoria Paul Allen]

.

C.H. Lankester (June 1918 and June 1968 reprint) Letter: Orchids of Costa Rica, in: Orchid Review. [Reference to Lacaena spectabilis]

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J.M. Lapiner (1979) Orquideas Michoacanas. pg. 25. [Stanhopea devoniensis = maculosa]

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Eva Ledezma, Giovanny Ramirez, Nayive Pino-Benitez (March 2006) "Forest Orchids of the Choco Region / Orquideas silvestres del Choco," in: Lyonia 10(1): 17-31. [Colombia; Gongora chocoensis, gibba, pseuatropurpurea; Polycycnis aurita; Sievekingia reichenbachiana; Soterosanthus shepheardii; Stanhopea pulla, reichenbachiana, tricornis; Fig. 2 shows Sievekingia pollinia; Fig. 3 shows Gongora pollinia; Fig. 14 shows Soterosanthus pollinia].
URL: www.lyonia.org/downloadPDF.php?pdfID=2.396.&PHPSESSID=d3bb843e3094e7067d18e851731d8403

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Charles H. Lemaire (1846) "Stanhopea ecornuta," in: Flore des Serres ii, t. ___

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Charles H. Lemaire (1854) "Lacaena bicolor var. glabrata," in: L'Illustration Horticole Journal Spécial des Serres et des Jardins 1: tab. 33. Belgium: Ambroise Verschaffelt.

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Charles H. Lemaire (1859) "Stanhopea radiosa," in: L'Illustration Horticole Journal Spécial des Serres et des Jardins Plate 270. Belgium: Ambroise Verschaffelt.

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Charles Lemaire (1862) "_____," in: L'Illustration Horticole Journal Spécial des Serres et des Jardins 9: t.325. Belgium: Ambroise Verschaffelt.

.

Lucien Linden (1896) Journal des Orchidees. Gand, Imprimerie Eug. Vander Haeghen, 347p. [1 June: Acineta humboldti, pp. 87-88; Houlletia odoratissima, pp. 86-87; 1 Sept: Gongora atropurpurea, p.181; Stanhopea eburnea, p. 183]

.

Lucien Linden and Emile Rodigas (Eds.) (1885-1894; Series 1, 10 vol.)

Lucien Linden and Emile Rodigas (Eds.) (1895-1906; Series 2, 7 vol.) Lindenia: Iconographie des Orchidees. Ghent, Belgium: Jean Jules Linden. [six Stanhopeas: eburnea; insignis; moliana; wardii var. venusta (now anfracta)]

.

John Lindley (1832) Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. p. 157-158.

.

John Lindley (1838) Sertum orchiacearum: A Wreath of the Most Beautiful Orchidaceous Flowers. London: J. Ridgeway, 1837-1841, published in 10 issues for about 100 subscribers. [(t.I), Stan. devoniensis]

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John Lindley (1839) "____," in: Edward's Botanical Register 25: misc.69.

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John Lindley (1843) "Lacaena bicolor," in: Edwards' Botanical Register 29: Misc. 68.

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John Lindley (1844) "Lacaena bicolor," in: Edwards' Botanical Register 30: t. 50.

.

John Lindley (1852) Stanhopea 3. in: Folia Orchidacea.

.

Lindleyana: 3:9 (1988)[Stan. panamensis]

.

Conrad Loddiges (1844) Orchidaceae in the collection of Conrad Loddiges & Sons [catalog, p. 28]

.

Conrad L. Loddiges (1841) "Stanhopea aurea Lodd. ex Lindl.," in: Bot. Reg. Misc. 11; Endl. in Harting. Parad. Vindob. t. 31. [now considered to be Stanhopea wardii]

.

Conrad L. Loddiges (18__) "Stanhopea atropurpurea Lodd. ex Planch.," in: Hortus Donatensis 215. Paris. [now Stanhopea insignis]

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Conrad L. Loddiges (1845) "Stanhopea aurantia Lodd. ex P.N. Don," in: James Donn, Hortus Cantabrigiensis, or, a catalogue of plants, indigenous and foreign, cultivated in the Walkerian Botanic gardens, Cambridge ed. XIII. 608. [species was later named Stanhopea Bucephalus] Note: James Donn was Curator at the Cambridge Botanic Garden, and published the first edition of Hort. Cantab. in 1796.

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E. Lückel (1982) in: Die Orchidee 33: __. [Stan. connata, graveolens]

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E. Luckel & H. Fessel (1999) "Jennyella," in: Caesiana 13: 3. [The authors move four Houlletia species into the genus Jennyella: H. clarae (Schltr.); H. kalbreyeriana (Kraenzlin); H. lowiana (Rchb. f.); and H. sanderi (Rolfe)].

.

E. Lückel, Rudolf Jenny, & Guido J. Braem (1984) "Embreea rodigasiana (Claes ex Cogniaux) Dodson: eine unechte Stanhopee," in: Die Orchidee 35(6): 211-212.

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Rudolf Mansfeld (1934) "Kegeliella kupperi," in: Repertorium Speciarum Novarum Regni Veg. 36: 60.

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Rudolf Mansfeld (1938) Stanhopea annulata, in: Orchis 26: 19. [no illustration; type publication, Ecuador]

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Ray McCullough "Culture of Various Thin-Leafed Orchids," a Synopsis of Ray McCullough's talk at the 3/10/96 Ann Arbor OS meeting. [Houlettia tigrina; Stanhopea intermedia, S. graveolens, S. costaricensis, S. martiana, S. grandiflora, S. eburneum, S. oculata, S. wardii, S. ecornuta, S. connata, S. saccata, S. radiosa, S. tigrina]

.

Duane McDowell The Orchid Picture Book. Paperback, 66pp.

.

Ian McLeish, N.R. Pearce, and B.R. Adams (1995) Native Orchids of Belize. A.A. Balkema, 278 pages, 237 illustrations. "Presenting all the orchid species of Belize, including 70 new ones. Keys, descriptions for all genera and species, distribution, habitat, etymology and taxonomic notes."

.

Jim and Barbara McQueen (1993) Orchids of Brazil. Timber Press, 200 pages, 300 illustrations. [Gongora bufonia, Gga. quinquinervis; Stanhopea insignis, Stan. oculata]
"General information to identify and grow more than 300 Brazilian orchid species. For each one, a color photograph, information on origin, growing, and on flower measurements."

.

Rogers McVaugh (28 June 1985) Flora Novo-Galiciana, A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico, Vol. 16: Orchidaceae. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, pp. 343-344. [Stanhopea intermedia, maculosa, martiana, radiosa, plus discussion of doubtful species such as: oculata, saccata]

.

Margaret Mee (1968) Flowers of the Brazilian Forests. London: Tryon Gallery in association with George Rainbird.

. [Margaret Mee (1909-1988) was one of the best-known botanical artists of the twentieth century. She found her calling while traveling to Brazil with her husband. She stayed in Brazil, taught and exhibited there, and gained a world-wide reputation for her highly individual style of botanical illustration. Mee was not only a gifted artist, but also an explorer, botanist, and ultimately, conservationist. On fifteen trips in a dugout canoe on the Amazon and its tributaries, Mee discovered and recorded the exotic flora of the Brazilian jungles. Hers was one of the first voices to be raised for saving the Amazon rainforest as she spoke about the damage caused to the fragile environment by illegal mining and logging.]

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[LUIS MIGUEL ALVAREZ?] Mejia and Rodrigo Escobar R. (1972) "Stanhopea bolivarensis," in: ?? [original publication]

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David Miller and Richard Warren (1994) Orchids of the High Mountain Atlantic Rainforest in Southeastern Brazil: A field and hobbyist guide. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra Consultoria Editorial, 182 pages, 200 illustrations. Photography by Izabel Moura Miller.
"Presenting 230 species, from 56 genera. Color photographs for 192 species. Description, habitat."

.

Francisco Miranda (1996) Orchids from the Brazilian Amazon. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Expressao e Cultura. Hard cover, 191 pages, 220 illustrations; CD-ROM also available. "A high quality photographic presentation of the Brazilian Amazon region orchids." [Acineta alticola; Gongoras; Stanhopeas]

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Rafael Montes de Oca (1963; first and only edition) Hummingbirds and Orchids of Mexico. Editorial Fournier, SA, Mexico. Printed by K.G. Lohse, Frankfurt-am-Main. Limited edition of 1500 copies in English. Editing and foreword by Carolina Amor de Fournier. Introduction and texts on the hummingbirds by Rafael Martin del Campo. English version by Norman Pelham Wright. Folio [41 x 30 cm; 16 x 11 3/4"]; 34, [iv, separate indices for orchids and hummingbirds] pp, 60 colored plates including frontis, each printed on one side of leaf, versos blank, 59 illus accompanying the text, which describe each orchid and hummingbird. Cloth with gilt title lettering on spine and front cover in gilt border; dust jacket. The original paintings were done in the 1870s. [Acineta barkeri; Stanhopea devoniensis]

.

Thomas Moore (1857) Illustrations of orchiaceous plants. London: Willis and Sotheran. [100 color lithographs, incl. Acineta superba]

.

Dora Emilia Mora de Retana and John Atwood (1992) Orchids of Costa Rica (Part 2): Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicle 15 (plates 1401-1500). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota. [includes 7 species of Stanhopea: ]; [see J. Atwood 1989 for Part 1]

.

Dora Emilia Mora de Retana and John Atwood (1993) Orchids of Costa Rica (Part 3): Icones Plantarum Tropicarum. Fascicle 16 (plates 1501-1600). The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota. [includes 7 species of Stanhopea: ]

.

Dora Emilia Mora de Retana and J. B. García (1992) "Lista actualizada de las orquídeas de Costa Rica (Orchidaceae)," in: Brenesia 37: 79-124.

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J. Francisco Morales (2009) Orchids of Costa Rica / Orquideas de Costa Rica. This 5-volume set is a series of field guides on Costa Rica’s orchids and provides a tool for the visual identification of most species. Each species is illustrated with one or several photographs of the flowers and other important details, such as their growth habit and color variations. About 800 pages in the 5-volume set; paperback. Stanhopea featured on the cover of volume 2.

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Auguste Morren (June 1845) first publication, as Stanhopea tigrina var. nigroviolcea, in: Ann. Soc. Bot. Gard. 1:233, t.21.

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Luis Carlos Nepomuceno, Wolmar da Silva Cevidanes, Euzamar Cardoso da Silveira Lima, and Jair Pereira da Silva (1996) Orquideas de Carajas / Orchids from Carajas. Rio de Janeiro: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 60p. [Stan. grandiflora]

.

The New York Botanical Garden Fungal and Plant Diversity of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae. Web database. [Gongora pleiochroma Rchb. f.; Kegeliella houtteana (Rchb. f.) L. O. Williams; Stanhopea grandiflora (Lodd.) Lindl.] http://www.nybg.org/bsci/french_guiana/Orchidaceae.html

Orchid Digest: 17:171-172(19__); 38:89(1974); 38:108-113(1974)[S. x fowlieana et al.]; 39:178-182(1975)[S. ___ ]; 41:219-221(1977)[S. ___ ]; 48:182-186(1984)[S. ___ ]; 49:65-66(1985)[E. rodigasiana]

.

Orchid Review: 12:357 (1904)[S. anfracta]; 83:245-248 (1975)[S. ___ ]; 87:340-342 (1979)[S. ___ ]; 91:336 (1983)[S. ___ ]; 92:188-190 (1984)[S. ___ ]; 93:82 (1985)[S. ___ ]; 94:252-260(1986)[S. ___ ].

.

Orchids Australia, published by the Australian Orchid Council Inc., www.orchidsaustralia.com

Roger Kramer (April 1995) "___," Vol. 7, No. 2.

Roger Kramer (June 1995) "___," Vol. 7, No. 3.

Roger Kramer (August 1995) "Ghosts, Goblins and Dragons," Vol. 7, No. 4.

Roger Kramer (October 1995) "Stanhopeas - A Photographic Introduction Part 4," Vol. 7, No. 5.

Roger Kramer (December 1995) "An Introduction to the Genus Stanhopea -A Photographic Essay [final part]" Vol. 7, No. 6.

Julian Coker (June 1998) "Stanhopea nigro-violacea 'Helen' CC/OSCOV," Vol. 10, No. 3.

Peter Taylor (June 2000) "Selected Species-- Stanhopea martiana Batem. Ex Lindl.," Vol. 12, No. 3.

Roger Kramer (August 2000) "The mystery surrounding Stanhopea ruckeri," Vol. 12, No. 4.

Amme Gardiner (December 2000) "My Strange and stunning Stanhopeas," Vol. 12, No. 6.

Rudolf Jenny (August 2003) "Stanhopea marizaiana - Spectacular new species," Vol. 15, No. 4.

Rudolf Jenny (April 2004) "Stanhopea schilleriana Rchb.f. - An old name and a good species from Colombia," Vol. 16, No. 2.

John Richards (April 2006) "They’ve Got Spikes," Vol. 18, No. 2.

.

Orchis: 16:19 (1938)[S. annulata]

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Orquidea Mex.: 5:12 (1976)[intergeneric hybrids, incl. Stan. ecornuta x Polycycnis barbata made in Australia by Robert Deane].

.

Orquídea (México):

S.Rosillo de Velasco (1984) 9(2): 253. [discussion of Stan. novogaliciana begins on p. 257]

.

Orquidário - Revista da OrquidaRio - Brazilian periodical, in Portuguese.

.

Orquideologia [Colombia]

.

Orquideologia [Mexico]

.

Pedro Ortiz V., Alfonso Martinez M., and Guillermo Misas U. (1982) Orquidea Ornamentales de Colombia (Ornamental Orchids of Colombia), Bogota: Carlos Valencia Editores. [Stan. connata, platyceras, reichenbachiana, rodigasiana, shuttleworthii, wardii]

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Mariano Ospina Hernandez (1958) Orquideas Colombianas / Colombian Orchids. Bogota: Publicaciones Tecnicas Ltda. [Stanhopea gibosa (gibbosa), guttulata, platyceras, suavis, tigrina, wardii]

.

Mariano Ospina H. and Robert L. Dressler (1974) Orquideas de las Americas. Bogota: Litografia Arco, 496p. [Stanhopea cirrhata (Fig. 163), connata, costarricensis (costaricensis), ecornuta, grandiflora, insignis, oculata, platyceras (Fig. 164), reichenbachiana, saccata, schuttleworthii (shuttleworthii), tigrina, wardii]

.

Östlund K.E.M. (1975) Collection of drawings of Mexican orchids. Cuernavaca: Asociacion Méxicana de Orquideologia. - This collection of Mexican orchids with diagnostic notes is kept in Mexico. The areas of most active collecting were in the mountainous regions of the following states: Chiapos, Colimo, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi and Veracruz. Östlund's herbarium specimens proved to be the single most important collection of orchids in the New World. Scope: Some 3,100 drawings.

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Guido F.J. Pabst and F. Dungs (1975) Orchidaceae Brasiliensis. Book [Band] I. Hildesheim: Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow.

.

Guido F.J. Pabst and F. Dungs (1977) Orchidaceae Brasiliensis. Book [Band] II. Hildesheim: Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow.
[113. Stanhopeas (nos. 1678-1684), in color: Stanhopea guttulata, insignis (2), lietzei (4), oculata, candida (randii), grandiflora (eburnea); Stanhopeas, in text, no color: Stanhopea leucochila, oculata]
[114. Gongoras (nos. 1685-1690), in color: Gga. bufonia (2), nigrita, quinquenervis; Gongoras in text, no color: Gga. atropurpurea, minax, unicolor - "...resurrected several names for Brazilian species which have been previously relegated to synonymy within Gongora quinquenervis."]

.

Jeffrey Parker (Oct-Nov-Dec 1995) "The Orchid Species Scene in Hawaii," in: Orchid Digest 59:4: 199 [S. oculata, S. tigrina]

.

L. van der Pijl and C.H. Dodson (1966) Orchid flowers: Their pollination and evolution. Coral Gables, FL: Univ. Miami Press.

.

J. Planchon (1858) Hortus Donatensis. p. 105.

.

Alec Pridgeon, Ed. (Nov 1992) The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids. Timber Press, Inc., 304pp.

.

Franco Pupulin (Mayo 2001) "Addenda Orchidaceis Quepoanis," in: Lankesteriana 1:128; 28 pp. [Stanhopea cirrhata p. 23, line drawing p. 24] Lankesteriana article .pdf

.

Franco Pupulin (2002) "Catalogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica," in: Lankesteriana 4:1-88. [see descriptions on p. 71: Stanhopea cirrhata, costaricensis, ecornuta, gibbosa, pulla, wardii, warscewicziana] Lankesteriana article .pdf

.

Edward Sprague Rand (1876) Orchid Culture. New York: The Rural Publishing. [Orchids. A Description of the Species and Varieties Grown at Glen Ridge... A Complete Manual of Orchid Culture].
Link to this book at the Digital Orchid Library, http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/orchids. Acineta on pp. 143-144; Acn. barkeri, humboltii, longiscapa, densa, erythroxantha, cryptodonta, sella-turcica; Coryanthes on pp. 219-221: Coryanthes eximia, Albertinea, macrantha, maculata, Parkerii, Fieldingii, speciosa; Gongora on pp. 284-286: Gongora atropurpurea, bufonia, fulva, leucochila, maculata, maculata alba, maculata tricolor, nigrita, portentosa, truncata, vitellina; Houlletia on pp. 291-292: Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, chrysantha, odoratissima, odoratissima antioquiensis, stapeliaeflora, tigrina, vittata; Lacaena on p. 295 Lacaena bicolor; Lueddemannia on p. 308: Lueddemannia Pescatorei; Peristeria on pp. 363-364: Peristeria elata, cerina, guttata, pendula, stapeliodes; Stanhopea on pp. 392-397 (390-395 in db): Stanhopea aurea, Barkerii, Bucephalus, Cavendishii, Devoniensis, ecornuta, eburnea, grandiflora, graveolens, guttulata (or guttata), inodora, insignis, maculosa, Lindleyana, Martiana, Martiana bicolor, oculata, oculata Barkeriana, quadricornis, Ruckeri, saccata, saccata violacea, tigrina, tigrina lutescens, tigrina suberba, virginalis, Wardii.

.

Eduard August von Regel (1855) "," in: Gartenflora 4: 58.

.

Eduard August von Regel (1856) "Stanhopea graveolens var. inodora," in: Index Seminum Horti Petropolitani 21.

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Eduard August von Regel (1857) "Stanhopea oculata var. crocea," in: Gartenflora 6: 97.

.

Eduard August von Regel (1874) "Stanhopea bucephalus forma roezlii," in: Gartenflora 23: 35, tab. 785.

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Eduard August von Regel (1883) "Stanhopea florida," in" Gartenflora.

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Eduard August von Regel (1891) "Stanhopea graveolens var. lietzei," in: Gartenflora 40: 201, pl. 1345. [now Stanhopea lietzei]

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H.G. Reichenbach (1852) "Kegelia houtteana."

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H.G. Reichenbach (1854) Kegelia houtteana drawing published in Xenia Orchidacea.

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Gustav Reichenbach (1854) "Lacaena spectabilis," in: Bonplandia ii. 92. [Costa Rica]

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Gustav Reichenbach (1854) "Lueddemannia pescatorei," in: Bonplandia, ii. p.281. [original publication]

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H. Gustav Reichenbach (1858) Xenia Orchidacea.

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H. Gustav Reichenbach (1863) Walpers Annales Botanices Systematicae 6: 587.

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H. Gustav Reichenbach (1865) Xenia Orchidacea 2: 84.

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H. Gustav Reichenbach (1879) Stanhopea florida, in: Gardeners' Chronicle 12: 615. [type publication]

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H. Gustav Reichenbach (1881) Stanhopea florida, in: Gardeners' Chronicle [further discussion, with two illustrations].

.

S.S. Renner, H. Balslev, & L. B. Holm-Nielson (1990) "Flowering Plants of Amazonian Ecuador - A Checklist," in: AAU Reports 24: 242. [Gongora; Stanhopea anfracta et al.]

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Revista Orquídea - Brazilian periodical, in Portuguese.

.

Rod Rice (1997), "Some Species of the Subgenus Gongora," in: Orchids Australia 9(5): 46-52.

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Rod Rice (2000), "The Dept. of Stanhopeinae Gongora garayana R.Rice sp. nov. A New Species of the Subgenus Portentosa from Colombia," in: Oasis, The Journal 1(4): 3-6.

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Rod Rice (April 2001) "A Checklist of the Genus Gongora in Colombia," in: Orchids Australia 13(2): 41-45.

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Rod Rice (2001a) "Gongora catilligera R.Rice sp. nov. A unique taxon of Section Gongora from Colombia," in: Oasis, The Journal, Suppl. 2: 2-6.

.

Rod Rice (2001b) "The Department of Stanhopeinae: notes on the genus Gongora Ruiz and Pavon (Orchidaceae).* 1. *Gongora garayana R. Rice," in: Oasis, The Journal 2(1): 10-12.

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Rod Rice (2002) "Dept. of Stanhopeinae. Four new species of Gongora for South America," in: Oasis, The Journal 2(3): 11, 13-19. [Gongora hookeri (Klotzsch) R.Rice (was Gongora maculata var. hookeri); Gongora passiflorolens R.Rice (Colombia); Gongora rosea (Cogn.) R.Rice (was Gongora portentosa var. rosea; Gongora rubescens R.Rice (Ecuador)]

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Rod Rice (Sept-Oct 2002) "A Selection of Rare or Confused Gongora in Cultivation," in: Orchid Review v. 110 (1247): 288-295. [Gga. amparoana, catilligera, charontis, escobariana, garayana, latisepala, longipes, odoratissima, portentosa, powellii, quinquenervis, retrorsa, rufescens]

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Rod Rice (April 2004) "The Dept. of Stanhopinae: notes and corrections within the subtribe Stanhopeinae," in: Oasis Suppl. 3: 19-23. [incl. Gongora hookeri (Klotzsch and H. Karst.) R.Rice; was Gga. maculata var. hookeri]

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Dora Emilia Mora de Retana and John Atwood (1992) Orchids of Costa Rica, Part 3 (Fascicle 15 & 16 of Icones Plantarum Tropicarum). 100 pages. [seven Stanhopea species in each]

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René Rocha (2008) ABC do orquidófilo - De uma, várias ou muitas orquídeas. Editora Ceres: 498 pp, with accompanying CD-ROM. In Portuguese only. Website: www.abcdoorquidofilo.vai.la

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Rafael Lucas Rodriguez (Caballero), Dora Emilia Mora, Maria Eugenia Barahona and Norris H. Williams (1986) Orquideas de Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. [Stan. cirrhata, wardii, full-page watercolors, pp. 240-243].

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Gerald Rodway Feb 1969) "Notes from Glasgow Botanic Garden Orchid Collection," in: Orchid Review 77(908): 38-42. [Stan. eburnea, text & B&W photo]

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Robert Allan Rolfe (1894) Stanhopea nigripes, in: Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew p. 364. [type publication]

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Robert Allen Rolfe (1895) "__Lueddemannia triloba__," in: Kew Bulletin (1895) 283; and in Gard. Chron. (1895) ii. p.713, fig. 118. [original publication]

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Robert Allan Rolfe (1898) Stanhopea impressa, in: Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew, p. 196. [no illustration; type publication]

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Robert Allen Rolfe (1904) Stanhopea anfracta in: Orchid Review 12: 357. [type publication]

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Robert Allen Rolfe (1910) "Lacaena bicolor alba," in: Orchid Review 18: 208. [Listed in IPNI as "Lacaena bicolor f. alba"].

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Robert Allen Rolfe (1912) "Stanhopea peruviana," in: Botanical Magazine [Bot. Mag.] 138: pl. 8417. [type publication]

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Gustavo A. Romero (Sept. 1993) "Paphinia dunstervillei," in: Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 62(9): 896-900. [includes A Summary table of the genus Paphinia Lindl.]

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Gustavo A. Romero (1998) Venezuela, Orchid Paradise. Caracas: Armitano Editores, C.A., 128p., 60 color photos, 62 B&W plates. [Stanhopea candida, grandiflora, oculata, wardii]

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Gustavo A. Romero & German Carnevali (15 July 2000) Orchids of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide, Second Edition. Caracas: Armitano Editores C.A. [Stan. candida, grandiflora, jenischiana, oculata, wardii]

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José Roque and Blanca León (December 2006) "Orchidaceae endemicas del Perú," in: Rev. Peru. Biol., 13(2): 759s-878s. Link: http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/v13n2/pdf/a145.pdf. [Stanhopea deltoidea, greeri, haseloviana, manriquei, marizaiana, moliana, naurayi, nigripes, peruviana]

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S. Rosillo de Velasco (1984) in: Orquídea (México), 9(2): 253. [discussion of Stan. novogaliciana begins on p. 257]

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H. Ruiz and J. Pavon (1794) Prodromus Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. The genus Gongora is described on page 227.

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Gerardo A. Salazar and Miguel A. Soto-Arenas (2001) "A new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Mexico," in: Lindleyana 16(3): 144-148. [Stanhopea dodsoniana]

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Gerardo A. Salazar and Miguel A. Soto-Arenas (2003) "Stanhopea dodsoniana, S. whittenii," in: E. Hágsater y M.A. Soto (eds.), Icones Orchidacearum: Orchids of Mexico, parts 2-3. herbario AMO, México, D.F.

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Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1916) ___ in: Orchis 10: 186.

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Rudolf Schlechter (1912) "__Lueddemannia vyvereana__," in: Orchis 6, p.113. [original publication]

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Rudolf Schlechter (1920) Die Orchideenfloren der sudamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten - II - Colombia, Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabili - Feddes Rep. Beih. 7, 260 p.

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Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1926) "Stanhopea lietzei," in: Archivos de Botanica do Sao Paulo. [Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo], 1: 264.

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Schlechteriana: 4:125 (1993)[S. posadae]

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R. Schmid (1969) "The pollination of Polycycnic barbata (Stanhopeinae) by the euglossine bee Eulaema spciosa," in: Orchid Digest 33: 220-223.

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Richard Evans Schultes (1960) Native Orchids of Trindad and Tobago. Oxford: Pergamon Pres Inc., 275p. [Gongora atropurpurea, Gga. maculata, Stanhopea grandiflora]

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Charles Schweinfurth (1958-1961) Orchids of Peru. Fieldiana: Botany 30: 1-531. Published in a supplement of four volumes, two of which contain references to the Stanhopeinae:

Charles Schweinfurth (1958) "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru," in: Fieldiana, Botany 30(1): 1-260 [Stanhopeinae on pp. 12-13]

Charles Schweinfurth (1960) "Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru," in: Fieldiana, Botany 30(3): 533--786 [Lueddemannia; Lycomormium; Sievekingia; Peristeria; Houlletia; Polycycnis; Gongora; Stanhopea pp 606-612: Stanhopea anfracta (as wardii), connata, graveolens, Haseloviana, Moliana, peruviana (as wardii), Randii, tricornis, Wardii]

Charles Schweinfurth (1961) Orchids of Peru. Chicago Nat. History Museum. [Stan. peruviana on pg. 611.]

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Charles Schweinfurth (April 1967) "Orchidaceae of the Guyana Highland," in: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 14(3):69-214. [pp. 171-175: Acineta alticola; Peristeria; Houlletia; Paphinia; Polycycnis; Stanhopea grandiflora, Randii; Gongora atropurpurea, maculata]

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Charles Schweinfurth (1970) "First supplement to the Orchids of Peru," in: Fieldiana, Botany 33: 1--85. [Stanhopea anfracta et al.]

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SEL Herbarium: Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Florida, list of type sheets; 7 stanhopeas: Stanhopea annulata, Stanhopea embreii, Stanhopea frymirei, Stanhopea napoensis, Stanhopea pozoi, Stanhopea vasquezii, Stanhopea x thienii. other type sheets for stanhopea relatives: Acineta dalessandroi (Ecuador); Gongora tridentata (Guatemala); Kegeliella atropilosa (Nicaragua); Lacaena nicaraguensis (Nicaragua).

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Selbyana: 1:120 (1975)[S. napoensis]; 1:126 (1975)[S. frymirei]; 1:128 (1975)[S. embreei]

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Senghas, K. (2000) "Polycycnis pfisteri, eine neue Orchidee au Kolumbien" in: J. Orchideenfreund 7(1): 18-21.

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Senghas, K. (ed.) (2002) Die Orchideen. Ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Züchtung 3. Auflage. 1/C. Parey Buchverlag in Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin . 921 pages + XXVI, 871 b/w illustrations and photographs. In German. ISBN 3-8263-3100-1.
"The monumental third edition of Rudolf Schlechter’s seminal work Die Orchideen first published in 1914 is now complete... The first half of this third volume, also available in parts (published separately between 1996 and 2001), covers the subfamily Vandoideae subtribes Notyliinae, Capanemiinae, Trichopiliinae, Oncidiinae, Papperitiziinae, Brachtiinae, Saundersiinae, Stanhopeinae, and Coelopsidiinae. Accounts are variously authored by Senghas and Günter Gerlach. The treatments follow the pattern of the earlier parts with keys to the genera being followed by generic accounts, keys to the species, and each genus illustrated with at least one black-and-white line drawing or black-and-white photograph of both. ..."

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M. Sesse and J.M. Mocino (1887) Flora Mexicana. p.225.

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Tom Sheehan & Marian R. Sheehan (Dec. 1969) "Orchid Genera, Illustrated XIII Peristeria," in: Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 38(12): 1070-1071.

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Tom Sheehan & Marian R. Sheehan (March 1971) "Orchid Genera, Illustrated XX Gongora," in: Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 40(3): 244-245.

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Tom Sheehan & Marian R. Sheehan (March 1977) "Orchid Genera, Illustrated 56. Stanhopea," in: Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 46(3): 252-253.

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Tom Sheehan & Marian R. Sheehan (Jan 1995) Illustrated Survey of Orchid Genera. Timber Press Inc., 421p.

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Emly S. Siegerist (1984) "Herbarium specimens of the Orchidaceae of Central America," in: Selbyana 7(2,3,4): 281-311.

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Hilda Simon (1975) The Private Lives of Orchids. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 160pp. [Stan. wardii drawing pg. 50; Gongora grossa p. 66, "the extravagant Gongora" p.75]

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Charlotte Skov (Spring 2004) "Fragrance collecting orchid bees in La Selva," in: Liana newsletter, p. 8. Durham, NC: The Organization for Tropical Studies, www.ots.duke.edu/en/liana/liana-spring2004.pdf [Stanhopea ecornuta]

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Miguel Angel Soto Arenas (1990) "Listado actualizado de las orquideas de Mexico," in: Orquidea (Mex.) 11: 233-277.

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Miguel Angel Soto Arenas (2003) "Diversidad de orquideas en la region El Momon-Margaritas-Montebello [Chiapas]," Final report of CONABIO Project R225, from Nov. 30, 1998 to Sept. 30, 2001. http://www.conabio.gob.mx/institucion/proyectos/resultados/InfR255.pdf [Acineta barkeri; Gongora galeata, leucochila, truncata; Stanhopea bucephalus, graveolens, inodora, saccata, whittenii]

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M. Soto Arenas, G.A. Salazar & Gunther Gerlach (2002) "Orchids of Mexico, Parts 2-3," in: Icones Orchidacearum 5-6, Plate 679. [text, location map, and detailed line drawing of Stanhopea whittenii]

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Samuel Sprunger (1986) Orchids from Curtis's Botanical Magazine. [Embreea rodigasiana].

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Paul C. Standley (1928) Flora of the Panama Canal Zone. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium, Vol. 27. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. [36. Stanhopea, p. 143 - only Stan. bucephalus]

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William Louis Stern (July-Aug 2001) "Savoury Stanhopeas," in: The Orchid Review 109(1240): 235-237. [Explains the source of stanhopea perfume; color photos of Stanhopea tricornis with euglossine bee; Stan. panamensis hypochile; and Stan. wardii]

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William Louis Stern and W. Mark Whitten (Jan 1999) "Comparative vegetative anatomy of Stanhopinae (Orchidaceae)," in: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 129(2): 87-103; The Linnean Society of London. [abstract available online at http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/bojl.1998.0229]

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William L. Stern, Kenneth J. Curry, and Alec M. Pridgeon (Sept. 1987) "Osmophores of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: American Journal of Botany 74(9): 1323-1331. Link to abstract: http://www.botany.org/ajb/00029122_di001875.html [Stanhopea oculata, wardii]

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W. A. Stiles (1894) "...Stanhopea martiana," article in ____ magazine, 14 pp. [Mexico, cream - white & purplish - crimson, full page illustration by Paul DeLongpre; shown at right]

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H. R. Sweet (1973) "Orquideas andinas poco conocidas. VII. Schlimia Planchon & Linden ex Lindley," in: Orquideologia 8: 3-14.

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H. R. Sweet (1974) "Orquideas andinas poco conocidas. X. Lycomormium Rchb. f.," in: Orquideologia 9: 183-199.

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Peter Taylor (June 2000) "Selected Species: Stanhopea martiana" in: Orchids Australia 12(3): pp.??. Link to article: www.orchidsaustralia.com/Stan_martiana.htm.
["Peter Taylor's regular page on species brings us this very striking orchid, with a superb photograph from the collection of David Banks. The flower is almost clown-like in appearance. As usual, Peter delves into the history of the species as well as its cultivation."]

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Henry Teuscher (June 1973) "Collector's Item: Stanhopea eburnea and Stanhopea saccata," in: AOS Bull. 42(6): 510-515.

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Henry Teuscher (Sept. 1973) "Collector's Item: Stanhopea insignis," in: AOS Bull. 42(9): 790-793.

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Henry Teuscher (Oct. 1973) "Collector's Item: Stanhopea connata Klotzsch (1854)," in: AOS Bull. 42(10): 896-899.

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___ Van Landsberghe and L.J. Quarles van Ufford (1889) Catalogue des Orchidees cultivees dans les collections Europeennes suivi d'une liste de leurs principaux synonymes. p. 72.

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Juul A.C. van Dam (2002) "The Guyanan Plant Collections of Robert and Richard Schomburgk," in Flora of the Guyanas, Supp. Series Fascicle 3, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK. Edited by M.J. Jansen-Jacobs; 211 pp., map. [p. 198: Braemia vittata; Houlletia vittata type specimen from the Acarai Mts.]

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R. Vásquez C. & C. H. Dodson (1982) Orchids of Bolivia: Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series I, Fascicle 6 (plates 501-600), published by the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens.

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S. Vogel (1966) "Scent organs of orchid flowers and their relation to insect pollination," in: L.R. DeGarmo (ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth World Orchid Conference, Long Beach, California.

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W. Mark Whitten & Norris H. Williams (1991) "Gongora escobarina Whitten, a new species from Colombia, and the rediscovery of Gongora sanderiana in Peru (1)," in: Orquideologia (Col.) 18(2): 110-112 (within pp. 105-127).

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William Mark Whitten and N.H. Williams (1992) "Floral fragrances of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: Lindleyana 7: 130-153. [S. oculata, dodsoniana, whittenii]

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W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, and Mark W. Chase (2000) "Subtribal and Generic Relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with Emphasis on Stanhopeinae: Combined Molecular Evidence," in: American Jour. of Botany 87(12): 1842-1856. Article in .pdf format [Gongora et al.]

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Leon A. Wiard (Dec. 1986) An Introduction to the Orchids of Mexico. Ithaca: Cornell University Press (Comstock), 216p. [Stanhopea, p. 139]. - An illustrated guide to Mexican orchids that includes classification, plant and fibral characteristics, and specialized sexual apparatuses and seeds.

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R.L. Wilbur & Colaboradores (Oct 1990) "Lista Preliminar de las Plantas Vasculares," La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. URL: [Stanhopea ecornuta Lem. [MHG 11097, INB]]

.

Louis O. Williams (1942) "Kegeliella houtteana" in: _______.

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Louis O. Williams (1956) "An enumeration of the Orchidaceae of Central America, British Honduras, and Panama," in: Ceiba 5: 1-256. [Gongora]

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Louis O. Williams (1964 IK or 1965 GCI) "Lacaena nicaraguensis," in: Fieldiana, Botany 31: 41.

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Louis O. Williams and Paul H. Allen (1980) Orchids of Panama. Missouri Botanical Garden, 616 pp. (590 pages for original, 1946-1949).
"A facsimile of the Orchidaceae, Flora of Panama, which originally appeared in four separate issues of the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1946 to 1949. Contains an updated checklist, about 800 species, by R. L. Dressler."
[Stan. cirrhata, costaricensis, ecornuta, graveolens, oculata, pulla, wardii]

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Louis O. Williams and A.H. Heller (1964) "Kegeliella atropilosa" in: Fieldiana, Botany 31: 39. [collected in Nicaragua]

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L.W. Williams (1982) "Kegeliella atropilosa," in: Die Orchidee 33: 135. Isotype from Nicaragua, collected by A. H. Heller, specimen 6511, at Marie Selby Gardens; see http://www.selby.org/index.php?src=gendocs&id=163&pos=39000,3000,134132

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Norris H. Williams (1982) "The biology of orchids and euglossine bees," in: J. Arditti, Orchid Biology, Reviews and Perspectives, II, pp. 119-171. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. [Acineta; Cirrhaea; Gongora; Houlletia; Lacaena; Peristeria; Polycycnis; Schlimia; Sievekingia; Stanhopea annulata, candida, cirrhata, connata, costaricensis, ecornuta, embreei, florida, frymirei, gibbosa, grandiflora, impressa, jenishiana, oculata, reichenbachiana, saccata, tigrina, tricornis, wardii, warscewicziana]

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Norris H. Williams and William Mark Whitten (1982) "Identification of floral fragrance components of Stanhopea embreei and attraction of its pollinator to synthetic fragrance compounds," in: Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 51: 1262-1266.

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Norris H. Williams and William Mark Whitten (1983) "Orchid floral fragrances and male euglossine bees: methods and advances in the last sesquidecade," in: Biological Bulletin 164: 355-395.

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Norris H. Williams and William Mark Whitten (1985) "Advances and Trends in Orchid Floral Fragrance Analysis," in: Proceedings of the 11th World Orchid Conference, Miami, March 1984. [pp. 392-395; Stan. tigrina + 5 sp. from the El Valle region, central Panama, Fig. 1 and Table 2 - missing!]

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Norris H. Williams and William Mark Whitten (1988) "Stanhopea panamensis, a new species from central Panama," in: Lindleyana 3:9-11.

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Norris H. Williams and W. Mark Whitten (Aug 1999) "Molecular phylogeny and floral fragrances of male euglossine bee-pollinated orchids: A study of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae)," in: Plant Species Biology 14(2): 129-136. [Stanhopea __; Embreea ___]

Abstract: "A molecular phylogeny was estimated for 23 species of the genus Stanhopea and its sister taxon the monotypic Embreea (Orchidaceae) using the internally transcribed spacer regions-1 and -2 (ITS). We compared the molecular phylogeny with data on floral fragrances and pollination biology. In a few instances, the fragrance data reflected the molecular phylogeny of some of the species groups, but for the most part, fragrance data were homoplasious and not reliable indicators of phylogeny as determined from the independently derived molecular data set."

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Norris H. Williams , W.M. Whitten and C.H. Dodson (1984) "Preliminary analyses of the floral fragrances of species of Acineta, Houllettia, Lueddemannia, Lycomormium, Paphinia, and Sievekingia (Orchidaceae)," in: Selbyana 7(2–4): 315–317.

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Roger Williams (Nov. 1999) "Growing Orchids in the Southern Hemisphere," in: Orchids 68(11): 1140-1145. [Cool-house: Stanhopea anfracta, connata, tigrina; Intermediate-house: Stan. pozoi, warscewicziana; Warm-house: Stan. candida, grandiflora, napoensis, tricornis]

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